Monday, December 30, 2019
List of French Homophones and Meanings
Homophones are words that have the same pronunciation but different meanings and, sometimes, spellings. Therefore, French homophones can cause difficulties in oral comprehension and spelling. These pages should help you to understand the difference between the most common French homophones. French Homophones: O o, oh - see auon (indefinite subject pronoun) - one, we, they   On y va ? - Are we going?ont - third person plural conjugation of avoir (to have)   Ils ont des questions - They have some questionsorange - (invariable adjective) orange   Jai trois chemises orange - I have three orange shirtsune orange - orange (fruit)   Jai achetà © trois oranges - I bought three orangesou, oà ¹ - see aoà »t French Homophones: P la paie - payla paix - peacele pet - (familiar) fartle pain - bread   Je dois acheter du pain - I need to buy some breadle pin - pine   Je crois que cest un pin - I think its a pine (tree)pair (adjective) - even   Cest un nombre pair - Its an even numberle pair - peer   Il est acceptà © par ses pairs - He is accepted by his peersla paire - pair   une paire de ciseaux - a pair of scissorsle pà ¨re - father   Cest mon pà ¨re - Its my fatherpar (preposition) - by/with   Cette histoire a à ©tà © à ©crite par un enfant - This story was written by a childpars - first and second person singular conjugation of partir (to leave)   À quelle heure pars-tu ? - What time do you leave?part - third person singular conjugation of partirune part - part, portion   la part du lion - the lions shareparce que (conjunctive phrase) - because   Je lai fait parce que javais peur - I did it because I was scared par ce que - preposition par indefinite relative pronoun ce que   Je suis surpris par ce que vous dites - Im surprised by what you are sayingparti - past participle of partir (to leave)   Il est dà ©jà parti - He already left.br/>un parti - (political) party; option, course of actionune partie - part, amount   Divisez-le en quatre parties - Divide it into four parts.la pà ¢te - pastry, dough, pasteles pà ¢tes - pastala patte - pawla peau - skin   Les soins de la peau sont trà ¨s importants - Skin care is very importantle pot - jar, pot, can   Jai achetà © un pot de confiture - I bought a jar of jam(un) peu - (a) little   Jai un peu dargent - I have a little moneypeux - first and second person singular conjugation of pouvoir (can, to be able)   Je peux le faire - I can do itpeut - third person singular conjugation of pouvoirphare - see fardphiltre - see filtreplus tà ´t - sooner, earlier   On doit comme ncer une heure plus tà ´t - We need to start an hour earlierplutà ´t - (adverb) rather, instead   Je prà ©fà ¨re plutà ´t la chemise rouge - Id rather have the red shirtle poids - weightle pois - pea, dotla poix - tar, pitchle poing - fist   Il ma montrà © le poing ! - He shook his fist at me!le point - point, place; stitch   Quel est son point de congà ©lation ? - What is its freezing point?le porc - pig, pork   Je ne mange pas le porc - I dont eat porkle port - port, harbor   Il est sorti du port - He left portle pouce - thumbla pousse - sproutprà ¨s (adverb) - near, nearby   Jhabite tout prà ¨s - I live nearbyprà ªt (adjective) - ready   Es-tu prà ªt ? - Are you ready?pu - past participle of the French verb pouvoir (to be able)pue(s) - singular conjugations of the French verb puer (to stink)puent - third person plural conjugation of puerla pub (apocope of publicità ©) - ad, advert, advertising   A s-tu vu leur nouvelle pub ? - Have you seen their new ad?le pub - bar, pub   Cest mon pub prà ©fà ©rà © - Its my favorite bar French Homophones: Q q - see culquand - when   Quand vas-tu partir ? - When are you going to leave?quant - as for   Quant à tes idà ©es†¦Ã‚ - As for your ideas†¦quen - contraction of que  en (adverbial pronoun)   Quen pensez-vous ? - What do you think about it?le camp - camp, side   Il a changà © de camp - He changed sidesquart - see carque (interrogative pronoun) - what   Que veux-tu ? - What do you want?que (relative pronoun) - than, that   Voici le livre que jai à ©crit - Here is the book that I wrotela queue - line, tail   Il faut faire la queue - We have to stand in linequeux - contraction of que  eux (stressed pronoun)   Jai plus didà ©es queux - I have more ideas than they doNote: The vowel sound in que is slightly different than in the other two, but for non-native speakers these are likely to sound li ke homophonesquel(le)(s) - (interrogative adjective) which   Quel livre vas-tu acheter ? - Which book are you going to buy?quelle - contraction of que  elle   Tu es plus jolie quelle - You are prettier than she isquelque(s) - some   Il y a quelques problà ¨mes - There are some problemsquel(le)(s) que - whatever   Quels que soient les problà ¨mes†¦Ã‚ - Whatever the problems may be†¦quelquefois - sometimes (adverb)   Ça marche quelquefois - It works sometimesquelques fois - a few times   Jy suis allà © quelques fois - Ive gone there a few timesquil - contraction of que  il   Je pense quil est là  - I think hes therequils - contraction of que  ils   Je pense quils sont là  - I think they are therequoique (subordinating conjunction) - although   Quoique je suis malade†¦Ã‚ - Although I am sick†¦quoi que (conjunctive phrase) - whatever   Quoi que tu penses†¦Ã‚ - Whatever you may think†¦ French Homophones: R r - letter of the French alphabetair - (masculine noun) air; appearance   Il a lair malade - He looks sickune aire - area, zone, eyrie   Je cherche une aire de jeux - Im looking for a playgroundune à ¨re - era   En lan 1999 de notre à ¨re - In 1900 ADla reine - queenle renne - reindeerla rose - rose   Jaime bien les roses - I really like rosesle rose - pink   Je prà ©fà ¨re la chemise rose - I prefer the pink shirtla roue - wheel   Je sais changer une roue - I know how to change a tirele roux - red(-head), roux   Il a les cheveux roux - He has red hairFor the difference in pronunciation between roue/roux and rue, see my lesson on OU vs U French Homophones: S s - letter of the French alphabetà ¨s - in (a certain subject)   Il a une licence à ¨s ingà ©nierie - He has a BS in engineeringsa - see à §asain - healthy, sound, wholesome   Il est sain et sauf chez lui - Hes safe and sound at homesaint - holy, saintly   le vendredi saint - Good Fridayun saint - saintun sein - breastsais, sait - see csang, sans, sen - see cenun saut - jump, leap   Il sest levà © dun saut - He jumped to his feetun sceau - seal, stamp, mark   Cest marquà © dun sceau - Its marked with a sealun seau - bucket, pailsot - silly, foolish, stupidscie - see cise - see cele sel - saltla selle - saddlecelle (demonstrative pronoun) - this/that one   Je prà ©fà ¨re celle-ci - I prefer this onesen, sens, sent - see censensà ©Ã‚ - see censà ©sept, sest vowel, Sà ¨te - see cest vowelses, sest - see csà ©tait, sà ©taient - see cà ©taitsi, six - see cisigne - see cygnesoi - oneself   Il faut avoir confiance en soi - One must be self-confidentle soi - self, id   Le soi, le moi et le sur-moi - The id, the ego, and the superegosois - first and second person singular subjunctive of à ªtre (to be)   Il faut que tu sois là  - You have to be therela soie - silk   Cest un chemisier en soie - Its a silk blousesoient - third person plural subjunctive of à ªtresoit - third person singular subjunctive of à ªtrele sol - ground, floor, siltla sole - sole (fish)la somme - sum, amountle somme - snooze, napson (possessive adjective) - his, her, its   Cà ©tait son idà ©e - It was his ideale son - sound, bran   Cest un ingà ©nieur de son et il naime pas la farine de son - Hes a sou nd engineer and he doesnt like bran floursont - third person plural conjugation of à ªtre (to be)   Ils sont en retard - They are lateun sou - centsous - undersur - sour (adjective)   Cest un peu sur - Its a little soursur (preposition) - on   Il ny a rien sur la table - Theres nothing on the tablesà »r - sure, certain   Oui, jen suis sà »r - Yes, Im suresy - see ci French Homophones: T t - letter of the French alphabetle thà ©Ã‚ - tea   Je prà ©fà ¨re le thà © vert - I prefer green teata (possessive adjective) - your   Voici ta valise - Heres your suitcaseta - contraction of te (object pronoun) third person singular conjugation of avoir (to have)   Il ta dà ©jà dit - He already told youtant - so (many/much)   Il travaille tant ! - He works so much!le temps - weather, time   Quel temps fait-il ? - Hows the weather?ten - contraction of te  en (adverbial pronoun)   Je ten donne deux - Im giving you two of themtend(s) - singular conjugations of the French verb tendre (to strain, tighten)   Tend la main et je te le donnera - Hold out your hand and Ill give it to youtes (possessive adjective) - your   Oà ¹ sont tes stylos ? - Where are your pens?tes - contraction of te (reflexi ve pronoun) second person singular conjugation of à ªtre (to be) [in the passà © composà ©Ã‚ of a pronominal verb]   À quelle heure tes-tu rà ©veillà © ? - What time did you get up?test - contraction of te (object pronoun) third person singular of à ªtre   Quest-ce qui test arrivà © ? - What happened to you?le thon - tuna (fish)ton (second person singular possessive adjective) - your   Oà ¹ est ton sac ? - Wheres your bag?un ton - tone, pitch   Il parle sur un ton grave - He speaks in a serious tonetond(s) - singular conjugations of the French verb tondre (to shear, mow)   Je tonds le gazon le samedi - I mow the lawn on Saturdaytont - contraction of te third person plural conjugation of avoir (to have)   Ils tont menti - They lied to youle tic - tic, twitch   Il a un tic nerveux - He has a nervous ticla t ique - tick   Mon chien a des tiques - My dog has ticksla tour - towerle tour - tour, turntout - all, everythingle toux - coughtu - youtu - past participle of the French verb se taire (to be quiet)tue(s) - singular conjugations of tuer (to kill)tuent - third person plural conjugation of tuer French Homophones: U u - see eu French Homophones: V vain - empty, superficial   Ce sont de vains mots - Those are empty wordsle vin - winevingt - twentyvins - first and second person passà © simple of venir (to come)vint - third person singular passà © simple of venirvend - third person singular conjugation of vendre (to sell)   Il vend sa maison - Hes selling his housevends - first and second person singular conjugation of vendrele vent - wind   Il y a du vent - Its windyun ver - wormun verre - glassvers (preposition) - towardun vers - versevert - greenvoie - first and third person singular subjunctive of voir (to see)   Il faut quelle voie son frà ¨re - She has to see her brotherla voie - way, route   Cest une voie privà ©e - Its a private roadvoient - third person plural indicative and subjunctive of voirvoies - second person singular subjunctive of voirvois - first and second person singular indicative of voir   Je ne le vois pas - I dont see itvoit - third person singular indicative of voirla voix - voice   Ils parlent à voix basse - They are speaking in low voicesvoir - to see   Je ne peux pas voir là ©cran - I cant see the screenvoire - indeed, or even, if not   Cest une bonne idà ©e, voire excellente - Its a good, or even excellent, ideavu - past participle of voir (to see)   Je lai vu hier - I saw him yesterdayvu (presentative) - given, considering   Vu notre situation†¦Ã‚ - Given our situation†¦la vue - sight   Il perd la vue - Hes losing his sight French Homophones: Y y - see i
Sunday, December 22, 2019
Organisational Culture Essay - 1359 Words
The Intel Corporation produces microprocessors that are used in computers. It has a market share of over 75% and has been praised for its highly innovative culture. Do you think that an innovative culture can be relied on to guarantee the future success of a business? Justify your answer with reference to Intel and/or other organisations you know. (40 marks) An organisation’s culture refers to ‘the way we do things around here’ and is determined by the values, attitudes and beliefs of the people who work within it. As such, culture will undoubtedly influence the success of a business. In particular, it can be argued that an innovative culture can lead to business success because it enables companies to share ideas more freely and†¦show more content†¦BMW use a similar culture where everyone is expected to help find solutions. They have a network of committed associates with few hierarchical barriers, allowing every employee to voice their opinion. This culture has allowed BMW to promote new products and get the product just right through thousands of brainstorming sessions. These examples show how innovation can lead to success in technological industries. Innovative culture can be relied on to guarantee the future success of a business, as the external environment is constantly changing. This can be linked to Charles Handy’s theory of ‘discontinuous change’ which means that in the future change is constant, and therefore an innovative culture would most likely guarantee a business success. Being highly innovative would mean that managers would have to be flexible and react to the constantly changing external environment, therefore adopting an innovative culture would mean businesses would have to come up with ideas and strategies for the future in order for the business to remain competitive and successful. Innovative culture should equip firms with the ability to cope better with change. 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Saturday, December 14, 2019
Technology Making Our Lives Easier Free Essays
As we are raised in a society where everything is simply handed to us, we tend to take many things for granted that others in the world do not have. Things like GPS, phones, credit cards, cameras, and insulin pumps help us live a qualitative and productive life and NASA has played a very key role in developing many technologies like these. From invisible braces to long-distance communication devices, NASA has brought up inventions that we consistently use every day in our lives. We will write a custom essay sample on Technology Making Our Lives Easier or any similar topic only for you Order Now A device that many people in the world rely on everyday and something that has made a huge difference in people’s lives is the water filtration system(s). NASA first made it to be used on the space station or in a spacecraft, and since then the water filtration system is a must-have in any place in the world. NASA showed amazing ingenuity to control bacterial contamination in space, and because of that, we have learned how to control pollutants in water here on earth. We see water filtration systems more than we think, and it allows us to enjoy a healthy lifestyle. Whether it’s through swimming pools or manufacturing processes, the water filtration systems affects our lives every day in a positive way. There are many different types of water filters and you can classify them by the way they work, but they all need to do one job and that’s effectively filter and purify water. One type of a water filtration system is the reverse osmosis, which is the process of removing dissolved inorganic solids out of a solution (water). This type of system involves using many different filters and membranes in order to purify and improve the drinking quality of water. There are also ultraviolet systems which do a remarkable job at disinfecting water. Ultraviolet systems can destroy 99. 99% of harmful microorganisms in the water very effectively and they do this by using a lamp or bulb which emits UV light which is then used as energy to attack the microorganism in the water and essentially destroy it, thus making the water free of future bacteria. There are many other type of systems like the Carefree Clearwater systems (which are based on NASA’S late 1900’s technology) which are not only used for drinking water in the home, but also for pool and shower water. These type of large-scale systems clean the water in a pool or hot-tub by using the same type of strategy as the UV systems. They release ions like copper and silver to destroy bacteria and algae in the system. These type of systems would work better than cleaning with chlorine because they have less nwanted side effects like burning eyes and bleached skin or hair (due to the copper and silver ions not dissipating from heat and sunlight, unlike chlorine) and they are more stable and productive to work with. Water filtration systems affect our lives everyday throughout everything we do. Without them, clean and purified water would be difficult to come across, and civilization would eventually come to a halt. Whether it’s the water that we drink or the pool that we love to swim in, systems like the reverse osmosis and the Carefree Clearwater are at work and doing an incredible job in order to make our daily lives healthy and enjoyable. How to cite Technology Making Our Lives Easier, Essay examples
Thursday, December 5, 2019
The Person Who Has Influenced Me Essay Sample free essay sample
I am certain that I can impute some of the positive facets of my life to my older sister Mireya. I was populating in Mexico at my mother’s house with the whole household except my pa. They got split and my pa came to United States to populate. Then were all duties for my oldest sister and my ma. My sister Mireya had a really clear head of what she wanted in life at a really early age. Bing the oldest sister of seven and with an absence of our male parent. taking the control was non an easy undertaking. I admire her difficult work get downing from the age of 16 ; she was an Accounting pupil which is really demanding. She had to work at a full clip occupation while traveling to school. And she had to look over myself and my younger brothers. I truly can see that my sister Mireya was a large influence in my life. We will write a custom essay sample on The Person Who Has Influenced Me Essay Sample or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page and I appreciate her much more now that I am an grownup. Inner harmoniousness. spiritualty and religion. for my household are the declaration of the â€Å"meaning of life†. I remember that every Sunday forenoon. I would acquire ready to travel with her to church. When it came to find what is what is of import in the large image. relationships with brothers and my female parent. became the most of import thing for my older sister. â€Å"When you are listening you are twenty-four hours dreaming†. that is what my oldest sister used to state me. With the absence of my male parent. my sister had to take his function. and spent much of the clip chiding and training us ; because of this we resented her. Discipline was her chief undertaking as the oldest sister. I remember that she left us a list of jobs to take attention of on Saturday forenoon. and so after she came back from work. she wanted everything done that she had asked us to make. She was really rigorous with all of us penalizing and hitting us with a belt. But I am traveling to retrieve all of her instruction and good illustration with all my love. because I know that she did it with all her love.
Thursday, November 28, 2019
Civil Disobedience Essays - Civil Disobedience, Nonviolence
Civil Disobedience Civil Disobedience Civil disobedience is the refusal to obey civil laws. This refusal is in the form of nonviolence. People who use civil disobedience are usually protesting a law that they think is unjust. Usually, they are also willing to accept any penalty like imprisonment. Henry David Thoreau was born in 1817 at Concord, Massachusetts. He was Educated at Harvard University. During his early years Henry spent most of his time walking in the wilderness or talking with his mentor and friend Ralph Waldo Emerson. In July of 1846, Henry needed his shoes which had holes in them repaired. After the cobbler repaired the shoes Henry exited the store and was approached by Sam Staples, the town constable. Sam asked Henry to pay his poll tax. Henry intentionally did not pay his taxes because the revenues were used to help finance the United States war with Mexico and supported the enforcement of slavery laws. Since Henry refused to pay, Sam Staples was required to take Henry to jail. Henry spent the night in jail. During that evening someone heard of Henry`s problem and paid his taxes. Most people think that Henry`s Aunt paid the taxes but no one knows for sure. When Henry found out that his tax had been paid, he was outraged . Henry argued that since he was not the one who paid the taxes he still deserved to be in jail. The night he spent in jail prompted Henry to write one of the most Famous essays in American history, ?On the duty of Civil Disobedience?. Henry`s book was published on September 6, 1847. Henry had a great impact on The lives of America`s greatest leaders.
Monday, November 25, 2019
The roles Of Alfieri in the play A View From The Bridge Essay Example
The roles Of Alfieri in the play A View From The Bridge Essay Example The roles Of Alfieri in the play A View From The Bridge Paper The roles Of Alfieri in the play A View From The Bridge Paper As a character, Alfieris attitude towards Eddie also changes throughout the play. Initially, during their first meeting, his attitude towards him is formal and quite professional, with Alfieri simply looking at the problem put forward to him from a legal point of view and thus is not able to be very helpful. However by the second meeting between the two, he gradually becomes more involved and desperate to try and prevent the impending disaster, pleading with Eddie to let Catherine go and not to do anything he will regret: Let her go. And bless her You wont have a friend in the world Eddie! Even those who understand will turn against you, even the ones who feel the same will despise you! . At the very end of the play, when Alfieri gives his closing speech once again as a narrator, he gives the audience the moral of the play: And yet, it is better to settle for half, it must be! , which means that it is better to compromise and settle for half rather than lose everything as Eddie did. Instead of settling for a portion of Catherines love, he wanted her all for himself and this led to him not only losing her but also losing his name, the respect of his society, his friends, his family and everyone that he ever cared for and loved. It could be said that Alfieris role is also to play the voice of the audience. While watching the play we the audience also want to be involved and would want to warn Eddie of the corollaries of his actions such as when he decides to report Rodolpho and Marco to the Immigration Bureau. Alfieri voices all of these thoughts and opinions during his meetings with Eddie and allows us indirectly to feel more a part of the action. Lastly, Arthur Miller could also have included Alfieri to convey his own thoughts and feelings, seeing as in the past he has openly expressed his disappointment that critics were misinterpreting the meanings behind his plays, namely The Crucible. By utilizing Alfieri, Miller ensures that the themes and morals of the play are made explicitly clear, such as the need for compromise, the idea of powerlessness and timelessness and the idea of inevitability. In doing this Miller is able to voice his own opinions and ideas he feels strongly about to the audience. In conclusion Alfieri plays a variety of roles in the play, some more prominent than others but it must be asked: is he really necessary? Regarding the actual events of the play, the idea and theme of inevitability and powerlessness makes it clear that as an actual character, Alfieri doesnt really make much of a difference to the plays outcome seeing as nothing could have stopped the imminent disaster. However in regards to his interaction with the audience, I feel that Alfieri is somewhat important in putting forward useful information and ideas. By giving background information and general pieces of information, he introduces and sets the mood for scenes, he brings about feelings and evokes emotion and he allows for the smooth, continuous flow of the play, which ultimately increases the viewing pleasure for the audience. Finally, he is also important in making the audience feel more involved in the plays action and is important to the author, who voices his ideas and feelings through him. All this combined leads to my belief that although Alfieri is not absolutely vital to the play, he is nevertheless important and definitely helps in increasing the enjoyment of watching for the audience, which is after all, the whole purpose of a play.
Thursday, November 21, 2019
The Creation of Modern Capitalism- The history of multinationals and Essay
The Creation of Modern Capitalism- The history of multinationals and the creation of global capitalism have been distinctly u - Essay Example Globalization is a course of action by which regional economies, societies and cultures have become incorporated in the course of global network of political thoughts through interactions, trades and transportations (Merriam-Webster Dictionary, 2010). Also, with the rise of multinational firms and corporation making and creating a world of collaboration, highly-dependent from each other by means of economy as well as political to survive in the global eco-political battle. Thus, we could view our world now being a spider web wherein each and every country is connected by one another through its dependency in resources and information. Moreover, with the rise of advanced technology like internets, telecommunications and alike, creating a stronger bond between and among countries through faster exchange of information. In this case, we are bounded by the things that these corporations had created. We shall tackle aspects on the history of globalization and its effects in the sphere of economy, politics and even in the society. Thus we shall see the benefits of this phenomenon and its disadvantage though comparative analysis to the studies, investigation and critical analysis made by other people. History It is believed that the process of globalization had started long time ago during the early ages where trades are used by the people to exchange goods and services. Also, in colonization era where one needs to import goods like spices, gold and even cultures from their colonizing countries. What seems to be the turning point of this event is during the 19th century where Industrialization occurs in the Western countries whereas processed goods are being introduces and new inventions are being catered to the business owners. During that time, Europe being the lead country producing goods highly needs materials that it will utilize to materialize the inventions of machineries in support to their production. Also, the dependency of the country to other country to ai d its resources for it to create the materials needed and the invention of communication gadgets like telephones strengthen the globalization. The first phase of modern globalization break down during the Word War I in the 20th century because of several monetary forces brought by this phenomenon boost the conflicts between the states during that time (Yeates, pp54-55, 1962). Countries during these times were focused on the battle and their triumph in it. Thus, multinational firms are being used by the state as an asset to support the spending on their warfare. Globalization eventually reached its peak after the World War II wherein international organizations like the United Nations (UN) were being established to solve state-to-states conflict in the international arena and that to settle disputes between and among states in matters of economy as well as politics. Furthermore, the attempt to cut down boundaries of trade was done through the Bretton Woods conference creating a frame work of international
Wednesday, November 20, 2019
Childrens nursing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words
Childrens nursing - Essay Example Telephone: 91-080-26995200, 26995255 Email : ms@nimhans.kar.nic.in Website : www.nimhans.kar.nic.in Part B and Case Study: Childrens NursingChildren's Nursing refers to nurturing children from the stage of infancy, till the stage of adolescence. Along with case study, this topic discusses emotional problems faced by children and role of parents, family, nurses, schools, society and government in nurturing and helping them to become good citizens. The captioned subject ' Children's Nursing ' throws light on the poor emotional state of mind of children - a product of present day nuclear family system, wherein the working couple has no time to give personal attention to the child's needs and usually entrusts the same to a care taker. In the event of separation / divorce, the child has to adjust to the new circumstances without much choice. In all these situations, the child is the worst affected person whose emotional needs are least cared for by parents and the surrounding people. As a result, it becomes a victim of depression, insecurity, hatred, addiction and no wonder; it becomes a 'threat' to the society in the long run. The significant issues involved in the subject are : 1. Children's poor mental health and the resultant insecurity , hatred ,emotional disorders, and suicidal tendencies 2. Role of Parents , Family, Nurses , School and Government 's role in developing child's mental health 1. Children's poor mental health : A child's poor mental health can be recognized by symptoms like excessive anger, fear, sadness , depression and anxiety. Sudden changes in the child's behavior, exercising too much , hurting (Charlotte's act of...In the event of separation / divorce, the child has to adjust to the new circumstances without much choice. In all these situations, the child is the worst affected person whose emotional needs are least cared for by parents and the surrounding people. As a result, it becomes a victim of depression, insecurity, hatred, addiction and no wonder; it becomes a 'threat' to the society in the long run. 1. Children's poor mental health : A child's poor mental health can be recognized by symptoms like excessive anger, fear, sadness , depression and anxiety. Sudden changes in the child's behavior, exercising too much , hurting (Charlotte's act of hurting herself), destroying things. Some of the mental disorders commonly seen in children are depression, ADHD, and conduct disorder. As many as one in ten children between ages six and twelve experience persistent feelings of sadness - the hallmark of depression. Since children may not be able to express or understand many of the core symptoms that would indicate depression in adults, parents should be aware of some key behaviors-in addition to changes in eating or sleeping patterns-that may signal depression in children: Treatment is essential for children struggling with depression so that they can be free to develop necessary academic and social skills.
Monday, November 18, 2019
Nursing Informatis Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words
Nursing Informatis - Coursework Example This back up plan is enabled by the use information technology and other information structures, which systematize statistics, information. It further identifies processing adapted by computers; alter the nature in technology, work systems and unit arrangements, format, and may give room for considerable changes in the application of nurses’ time and the secure release of care. Examine expectations in the scholarly literature for informatics competencies at different levels, including for new graduates and those at the master’s level and doctoral level. How did your self-assessment fit these expectations? What strategies are you planning to improve your competencies? Informatics nurses though new prove quite challenging due to the course demands. The new graduates need awareness concerning the requirements of the course and the challenges that come with it. New graduates need to have information relating to computer use so that the lecturer has an easy time incorpora ting it with the nursing needs. The masters and the doctorate level require being more sophisticated to be able to handle even more complex matters. Nurses are expected to give the patient harmless, fit and compassionate care in an environment that proves digitalized and technical with the changing times. Nurses directly works with information systems and technologies as the basis for evidence-based practice, clinical-decision support tools, and the electronic health record (EHR) to perk up the care of patients while, expressing the need of Health Information Systems to the clinical setting. The Masters level needs to acquire the know-how concerning the different kinds of health Information Systems and their use in clinical and official settings. The need for confidentiality proves paramount when working with health information systems as this might scare way since inadequate security will scare away potential clients. The need for passwords to regulate the number of people who c an access the given information also proves paramount to the healthcare centers using Health information system. The users require skills as noted in the HL7EHRS model, which comprises the ECDL-Health Users Skills of Navigation, Decision Support, the reports on the achievements and end products. The need for doctorate to poses the skills that enable them to comprehend the principles that founded both the organization and the professional Health Information Systems, which proves consumer friendly. How does the formal NI scope of practice compare to your perceptions or beliefs about the practice of nursing informatics? If you are currently in an informatics position, draw on your current experiences. If you have worked with an informatics nurse, include those experiences. The NI scope of practice compares to the perception I have about nursing informatics in that, the nurses ensure expertise and professionalism in the process of nursing patients. The nurses make use of investigative a nd innovative thinking skills to improve of service delivery to customers. I remember a time when a patient came to me with information that was only available in the archives; I had to go back to the records thus there is a need to know
Friday, November 15, 2019
2008 Financial Collapse Summary
2008 Financial Collapse Summary Dave Levengood â€Å"Too Big to Fail†vs. â€Å"How an Economy Grows and Why it Crashes†The Great Recession of 2008 was not only the largest economic crash of this decade, it was the largest economic crash since the Great Depression. The Great Recession has been studied extensively since it happened, and there are finite conclusions as to why it occurred that can be drawn from the facts. First, ineffective government regulations of the banking system allowed the Wall Street banks to carelessly loan out money to essentially anyone who asked for it. Second, many of those loans, which originally stimulated the housing bubble, were defaulted on when the nearly 8 trillion dollar housing bubble burst, leaving behind billions of dollars of debt. Third, this debt destroyed consumer confidence in the large banks, causing a drop in the stock market as people withdrew their money. The lack of â€Å"credit†as Ben Bernanke describes it, almost threw the American Economy into an abyss much deeper than that of the Great Depression. Two works that both outline the causes and re sults of the Great Recession are Peter Schiff’s â€Å"How an Economy Grows and Why it Crashes,†and the HBO film, â€Å"Too Big to Fail.†Schiff’s book uses a comical portrayal of the U.S. economy in the form of islanders of the nation Usonia, with â€Å"fish†as dollars. HBO’s documentary focuses more on the day-to-day actions by the government and banks trying to prevent this recession forming into a depression. In all however, both works draw on and allude to the known problems in the U.S. economy that led to the Great Recession. â€Å"Too Big to Fail†implies that the start of the entire economic fall was when President Reagan deregulated the banks, giving them much more freedom to give out loans. This freedom was then abused by overconfident banks and thus the recession occurred. Schiff does not share the same view outright in his book, however his comments on the frequency and careless loans by the banks cannot be overlooked. That being said, Schiff focuses extensively on the changing value of currency over the course of the recession. After being taken off the gold standard, Schiff describes how the U.S. economists were free to change their currency as needed to sustain growth. The ONLY reason why this worked was because the U.S. had become such a large economic player that the Reserve Note was backed up by the â€Å"trustworthy†reputation of previous years. Had other nations not accepted our dollars as a reserve note, we would have a much more difficult time borrowing and spending money to day. Furthermore, Schiff describes the acts of the Federal Reserve inflating currency as the â€Å"re-officialization†of the dollar bill into  ¾, then  ½ of its original value. This crack of instability in our currency was heavily leaned upon during the great recession when the value of our currency was questioned. After the large investment banks lost money, consumers seriously questioned the value of the dollar. As true with all expectations, when confidence and expectations are low, they tend to be self-fulfilling prophecies in that they come true because people think they will. Therefore, â€Å"Too Big to Fail†describes the original cause of the recession as the deregulation of the banks by Reagan, while Schiff might argue that the underlying cause was because of the insecurity in the value of the United States dollar. The second cause of the Great Recession was the housing bubble. While there may have been some disagreement in the underlying causes of the recession between the two works, both Schiff and â€Å"Too Big†are in agreement over the catastrophic consequences of the bursting of the housing bubble. â€Å"Too Big to Fail†details how the banks were truly sunk by the defaulting of housing loans. In forcing mergers and subsidies, the problem was constantly the â€Å"toxic assets†which were the housing stocks. After the burst of the bubble, all of the large Wall Street banks were left with billions of dollars owed to them in the form of housing debts. Nobody knew if those debts would be repaid, however given the look of the housing markets at the time, the banks assumed the worst. Schiff also details the housing bubble as the â€Å"hut rut.†After political and fiscal dancing by the leaders of Usonia to re-stabilize their fish note, things in the Usonian economy b egan to look up. Schiff describes the hut rut as a gradual idea at first, with large dependable borrowers striving for the â€Å"American Dream†of owning a hut. Then, the government stepped in to help subsidize the buying of homes and restricts interest rates from being too high for risky buyers. This was most likely a large political move to gain re-election by making it appear as though homes were provided to all of the country. The result of these subsidies and restrictions was an upward spiral in the hut-market. The spiral increased speed until it was completely out of control of the government that originally regulated it. All semblance of legitimate value was lost, as consumers just demanded to get a hut to attain social status. As this towering house of cards grew and grew, so did the doubts and fragility within the market. Finally, the peak was reached and instead of all buyers of huts and small sellers, there were only sellers of huts. The prices deflated exponentia lly, and thus the hut bubble burst in a spectacular fashion. Therefore, Schiff describes how the subsidies and interest rate restrictions promoted excessive buying of houses by people who could not afford them, and â€Å"Too Big†demonstrates the effect of those defaulted loans on the banks that made them. The final act of the recession was the actual bailing out of the major companies, subsidies given, and eventually cash injections forced onto Wall Street banks. This part of the recession is the part most focused on by â€Å"Too Big to Fail.†The first domino to fall was the bailing out of Bear Stearns by the U.S. government as it was bought JP Morgan. This fall then caused the next smallest bank, Lehman Brothers, to get hit hard by shaky consumers. The combination of Richard Fuld’s ignorance in the Korean negotiations, and poor loan choices by the bank itself led to Lehman Brothers’ declaration of bankruptcy. While this causes an appreciation in the U.S. dollar for a short span, the lack of confidence originally in Lehman Brothers spreads like a disease to all the other banks in the system. One aspect of the recession that the film covers that Schiff does not is AIG. AIG took on an unbelievable amount of housing risks, expecting all of the assets to go up, howev er when the housing bubble crashed hard, so did AIG. The effect of AIG’s faltering was extrapolated throughout the economy due to the massive size of the company. Providing insurance to essentially all areas of the economy, AIG was â€Å"too big to fail†however, when it did, it threatened to take down the entire system with it. In an attempt to re-stabilize the system, Timothy Geithner, a policy-maker during the recession, attempts to merge the investment banks to boost confidence, however that fails miserably. The eventual plan that is decided upon is a 700 billion dollar bailout that would be used to purchase the â€Å"toxic assets†that were such a problem to the investment banks. However, after discovering the toxic asset plan too slow, Henry Paulson, secretary of the treasury during the recession, decides to give direct cash injections to the bank, with the hope of them lending it out. The only problem with the TARP bailout, is that the banks did not lend out the money. The economy continued to slope downward until 2009 when the market finally stabilized. While the collapse of AIG and the investment banks were truly scary notions, the true threat that faced the economy was the lack of credit. As described by Ben Bernanke, the ability to borrow money and pay it back plus interest is the heart and soul of an economy. Without credit, an economy will grind to a halt. This lack of credit is addressed by Schiff as well, who describes the government’s policies towards the lack of credit as simply throwing fish at it until the economy corrected itself. The only real policies that Schiff addresses by the government during the recession is the bailing out of Freddie Mac and Fannie Mae by George Bush to stop them from hurting the economy any more than they already had. Schiff believes that the savior of the U.S. recession was China, in the form of lending the U.S. the money necessary for the cash injections and stimuli. The problem that Schiff describes with this plan is necessity to repay China all of the debts that we owe it. Therefore, Schiff details how China supplied our government with the â€Å"real†money necessary to stop the bleeding of the housing market, while â€Å"Too Big to Fail†shows the steps taken to stop the bleeding itself. In conclusion, the Great recession of 2008 was an event long in the making, starting with the deregulation of the banking industry by Reagan and formation of the Fed by FDR. This caused weakness in the economy that was exploited by the crash of the housing bubble, and the resultant scramble for cash by out government has left us trillions of dollars in debt. The largest problem coming out of this recession is the probability of another bubble in the form of treasury bonds. If this bubble develops and the government does not kill it before it has time to grow, we could be facing a much larger and more permanent crash. Luckily, this recession did not turn into a depression. This is outlined in an article by Chris Isidore, a senior economics editor at CNN who attributes the survival of our economy to the trillions of dollars poured into the econmy by Ben Bernanke. While Schiff may not have agreed with the extensive borrowing to finance this, there is no doubt that Bernanke saved our eco nomy from total collapse, even if he did use any mean necessary. Schiff’s epilogue sums up the current position of U.S. political leaders, in that they do not have the courage to do what is necessary to fix the economy, instead worrying about their jobs and money. Hopefully we can learn from the mistakes shown in both of these works and ensure a stable and steadily growing economic future.
Wednesday, November 13, 2019
Body Communication :: essays research papers
The methodology of the social sciences has evolved slowly. In this evolution, criticism has always performed an important function. Through the continuous interchange of ideas, information, and criticism, it became possible to institutionalize commonly accepted rules and procedures and to develop corresponding methods and techniques. This system of rules and procedures is the normative component of the scientific methodology. It defines the â€Å"rules of the game,†and these in turn enable communication, constructive criticism, and scientific progress. Knowledge comes from experience. By observing what is happening around us in our every day lives, we gain knowledge through visual digestion of our environment. Body communication of other people helps you to know and understand how you will interact with that person or audience. Communicating successfully in front of an audience requires actions and qualities not found in writing. Facial expressions, gestures, and appearance are important qualities for communicating in front of an audience. Posture, I feel is most important. You should stand erect, but relaxed with your weight apportioned on both feet, avoid leaning and slouching. Feeling comfortable while you stand will give you a natural feeling about yourself. Movement while you are speaking can help you, but if done incorrectly it may harm you. You should move from side to side, rather than back and forth. This should not be a continuous motion, you do not want to look petrified. Moving physically may decrease nervousness, especially as you approach the lectern. Emphasis in stressing a point while speaking using facial gestures. The audience will follow you more easily when your movement suggests an idea of importance and holds the groups attention. Your appearance and facial expressions allow the audience to determine how you feel about your topic. On the other hand if you are frowning or glaring you may convey non-verbal impressions that you are worried, angry, or not interested. Your enthusiasm will reflect upon your listeners. Gestures such as hand, arm, shoulder, and head movement are used to emphasize, such as a rejection by raising your hand or making a fist. You can also use your hands to point at an object or describe the size of something. Communication can be done without speaking. It is amazing how we can express ourselves in this carefree way. It is important to feel good when you speak, This will make you more relaxed and your words will flow with ease.
Monday, November 11, 2019
Holocaust Post to World War II Essay
Let us begin by quoting the superb words of Elie Wiesel (1995), the Nobel laureate for peace in 1986 and Holocaust survivor: â€Å"For the survivor who chooses to testify, it is clear: his duty is to bear witness for the dead and the living. He has no right to deprive future generations of a past that belongs to our collective memory. To forget would be not only dangerous but offensive; to forget the dead would be akin to killing them a second time. The witness has forced himself to testify. For the youth of today, for the children who will be born tomorrow. He does not want his past to become their future†(cited in Hill and Wang, c2006, pg 15). Cruel Massacre Against Humanity in Holocaust Post to WWII Holocaust post to the beginning of World War II gave an account of tragedy and massive killings of majorly Jews in millions. Other killings involved the people of Gypsies who are descendant of Egypt in history, the mentally and physically challenged ancient individuals, political enemies to the ruling government of Nazi of Germany, and racially undesirable individuals who met an untimely dead end in the Nazi Camp’s of Germany after . This holocaust occurred between the years 1939 and the commencement of World War II. It is a great destruction that is characterized by extensive loss of human lives through means such as fire, nuclear arms et cetera. Holocaust at times is also used to represent the genocide in Armenian and Hellenic. Hellenic are Greece speaking people who suffered massive religious killing of about 3 million Christians in Turkey between the years 1915 to 1925 (Dawidowicz, 1975). Prior to the World War II, over six million Jewish people were targeted and destroyed by the then Nazi government and its co-sponsors. Nazi government of Germany developed a great hatred for the people of Jews who have spread and had established tent all over European States. The destruction was caused by an expression of superiority over the perceived â€Å"inferior Jews†. The spreading and the success of the Jews over some citizen of Europe became a matter of crucial talk among the cabinet members of Nazi. Nazi saw them as strange people who must not live. Later on, Nazi resulted into racial war against the Jews. In addition to the Jews, Nazi also developed similar racial hatred to other set of people in the all over world. The list includes â€Å"the people of Roma called Gypsies, the physically challenged or formally called the handicapped, the Slavic people of Russia, Poland and others as mentioned earlier†(Yahil L. 1990). In addition to the basis of destruction on perception of racial inferiority, political and theological reasons were also confirmed as part of the basis for destruction of certain other set of people. Thirdly is the massive destruction based on ideological group belonging and on cultural hatred for the Jews, one of the prominent groups by then were the Communist, the Socialist groups, and the Jehovah Witness movement. Certain homosexual were not spared in the killing. Due to the presence of certain members of the Nazi government who were homosexuals, there was mixed feelings development towards the extermination this set of people. The Jehovah witness movement group recorded the lowest number of casualties because they were less concentrated in a place unlike others. The achievement was made possible owing to regional concentration of the target people to be destroyed. Some were taken on hostage within a wide range of land for a long period before they were been destroyed by biological weapons, diseases, famine, and other forms of military maltreatment. For the physically challenged group, Nazi carried out his mission by including in his policy the so called â€Å"Euthanasia Program†(early killing to prevent prolong living in serious discomfort and pain). Some able body target among the Jews and Poland were captured and unofficially sentenced to hard labor till they meet their death. Post-World War II Holocaust After the WWII, there was an arrival of a different dimension to the war. Holocaust in the mid-1940 to the early 90s was basically the existence of relative tension, and fragile calmness. This is due to the modernized existence of nuclear and atomic destruction that posed more colossal figures in potential victims. On the basis of nuclear power possession, nations were termed superpower of the world. The era was termed cold war among the two major powerful unions – the United States and the Soviet Union of Eastern Europe, Northern and Central Asian continent. The United State came in following the 1942 Washington Act to deliver the Jews from total extinction. Holocaust Literature In the modern study of holocaust, many theories are used to propose the origin of holocaust. While the Intentionalists accept that holocaust is a deliberate act initiated by Adolf Hitler, the Functionalists argue that the genesis of holocaust was rather a policy failure by the government of Nazi to regulate immigration to Europe and expel other migrants out of Europe. Hence, the Jews find their way in with ease and dominate the Europe in their millions. Functionalists disagree on several claims by the Intentionalism on several of their literature pointing finger on the lack of adequate plan on population growth as the genesis of holocaust. There also exist â€Å"holocaust theology†that reviews God’s kindness and protection shield on His own people.
Friday, November 8, 2019
Kafkas The Metamorphosis as an existential exercise.
Kafkas The Metamorphosis as an existential exercise. Sisyphus Shrugged:Symbolic Alienation in The MetamorphosisThe grotesque world is and is not our own world. The ambiguous way in which we are affected by it results from our awareness that the familiar and apparently harmonious world is alienated under the impact of abysmal forces, which break it up and shatter its coherence. Wolfgang KayserModernity has added irony to injury. The study of the humanities is intended to bridge something inescapable in the human condition: the fundamental alienation of the individual. The keen reader of literature will gradually grow familiar with the unifying substance that binds peoples of all times and cultures. Joseph Campbell, quite famous for his work in mythology, says that storytelling is "the secret opening through which the inexhaustible energies of the cosmos pour into human cultural manifestation" (3). Apparently, it is through our (that is, mankind's) use of symbols that we tap our humanity, and our universal experience.Gregor Robertson, Founder of Happy PlanetWhen symbolic imagery is used, whether or not it is used consciously, it is an appeal to dream, and thus an appeal to the psychological fabric that we all share. Of course, that's the way it's supposed to be. Existentialism, nihilism, and Marxism are all viable alternative philosophies that celebrate, if a nihilist can be said to celebrate anything at all, in man's alienation. These darker, strikingly modern philosophies are well applied to The Metamorphosis, though a formalistic approach to the book's symbols does in fact help illustrate their themes.Gregor Samsa does not fit conveniently fit Campbell's archetype of the hero. The reason for this should be clear: Gregor is not a typical hero. He is rather the unwilling, perhaps unwitting antihero in an absurd circus that is the modern world. Gregor's world, as well as the world of many existentialists, exists...
Wednesday, November 6, 2019
Totto-Chan a Little Girl Sitting by the Window Essay Example
Totto Totto-Chan a Little Girl Sitting by the Window Paper Totto-Chan a Little Girl Sitting by the Window Paper Essay Topic: Rear Window It is a diary of the author named Outsets Groaning who also has a lovely nickname Toto-chain. The word diary maybe not as exact as the one memoirs because she wrote this book base on her memory since she was a child. Call her Toto-chain (it Is much easier than reading her full name). Reading this book makes me admire her a lot although at that time she was only a little girl. If you read this book I bet you will be surprised a lot because of her thought and behavior. How simple and mature (Included Immature) she Is. Let have a read and see the way she treated everyone around her, the way she faced and reflected all the events In that period. Everything was described with the simple words Like a story of a primary- girl, but they are very attractive and you can easily Image the whole picture of Japan at that time. Toothache was an active and clever child. She could spend several hours to tell her favorite stories or to play anything she loved to. Toothache was expelled from her first primary school because she always made noise to be paid attention, she liked to do everything herself naturally (of course every teachers Hough that was wrong and Toto-chain was out of rule). Toots;-chain moved to the new primary one named Tome Gangue where she met Mr.. Sickbays, an admirable headmaster. At that time, Mr.. Sickbays was said to be a model teacher because of his strange education method (of course he was going on the right way but not too many parents believed in his program so that Tome had only fifty pupils). He spent a lot of time to go to many countries all over the world to study and find the most suitable method to apply in his country, his school. He knew that teaching children in primary level was synonymous with showing them how to improve their good heartsickness. At school Tome, all of the pupils were never offered doing something strictly. Mr.. Sickbays created the best condition for them to express themselves naturally. No subjects were forced, children completely could study whatever they want. The teachers work was helping them when they need. Toto-chain and other pupils In Tome all loved the headmaster with a bald head. Toto-chain had the strong Impression on Mr.. Sickbays because on the 1st day she moved to this school, he was the only one sitting in nearly 4 hours to hear all her analogical stories no louts could be patient like that. School Tome Gangue was built by the old railroad cars. If I were a child at the same time with Toto-chain, I would Like to study In this special school. Looking at Tome, It realized everyone a train moving In the autumn sunshine, It satisfied the curiousness of the pupils and excited their creation. Toto- chain was a little girl, everything happened around her was realized with a simple mind. She always took care on everyone around her, from her family, her classmates, even her chickens, her dog Rocky by a simple way but moving. Each pupil in Tome ad a tree to watered, Toothache had one and she loved to climb on the tree and see so far away to image Osaka city. Yashmak-chain was a disable children who was one of the Toothaches classmates. He was paralytic and could not move easily. Rearing ten part wanly scarred lotto-can Nellie Yashmak-can to calms on near tree, to show him Where was Osaka city? was very touching (This book has only 60 short parts. And in part 56, Yashmak-chain died because of his disease. In part 59, Toto-chain lost Rocky, a dog, a close friend of her. I hate these parts of looses >
Monday, November 4, 2019
Torture in Extreme Emergencies Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words
Torture in Extreme Emergencies - Essay Example A third viewpoint has arisen recently which combines views of both the groups and debates that torture can in some extreme emergencies be morally justified, however it should not be legalized or institutionalized. As per the definition of torture, it involves some practices like using electric shocks, cutting some body parts, using a hot iron, administrating severe pain, depriving of food, water and sleep for days together or beating. All this includes physically assaulting a person by the torturer by having control over the person. The person who is being tortured is defenseless and also not agreeable to such assault. Apart from these, extreme mental assault can also be considered torture. However, the extent of it and consent of the person being tortured to brand the assault as torture is well arguable. On the other hand, it might be argued that some cases of intentional infliction of extreme mental suffering on non-consenting, defenseless persons are cases of torture, whereas some instances are not. According to an article on Torture by Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy published in February, 2006, "In various national and international laws, e.g. Convention against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman and Degrading Treatment or Punishment (United Nations 1984 - see Other Internet Resources), a distinction is made between torture and inhumane treatment, albeit torture is a species of inhumane treatment. Such a distinction needs to be made. For one thing, some treatment, e.g. flogging, might be inhumane without being sufficiently extreme to count as torture. For another thing, some inhumane treatment does not involve physical suffering to any great extent and is therefore not torture, properly speaking (albeit, the treatment in question may be as morally bad as, or even morally worse than, torture). Some forms of the infliction of mental suffering are a case in point, as are some forms of morally degrading treatment, for example causing a prisoner to pretend to have sex with an animal." (Unknown author, Torture, 2006) Though the main reason for torture is to break the victim's will, the other reasons for torture according to the above-mentioned U.N. Convention list them as to get a confession for a crime, to gather some information; to force a person or a group of people to behave in a way desired by the torturer as well as to punish for the crime. Now the question arises on why torture is considered as wrong. Torture includes two aspects which are morally wrong as it involves administrating acute physical assault which is done intentionally on another person as well as it is administered on a fellow human being involving intentional, substantial curtailment of individual autonomy. Authorities in the field feel that torture is worse than killing. According to Michael Davis,"Both torture and (premature) death are very great evils but, if one is a greater evil than the other, it is certainly torture" (Davis, Michael, 2005: 165), and David Sussman feels, "Yet while there is a very strong moral presumption against both killing and torturing a human being, it seems that we take the presumption against torture to be even greater than that against homicide" (Sussman, David, 2005: 15).Â
Friday, November 1, 2019
Consumer Compliance- week 5 Discussion Post Responses Assignment
Consumer Compliance- week 5 Discussion Post Responses - Assignment Example A mortgage and a Deed of Trust helps in making sure that the loan is paid back by the lender. They secure the loan’s repayment by placing a lien on the property (Bevans, 2009). In a mortgage, the lien gives the right to the lender to sell the property and recover money while a Deed of Trust gives a lien to a trustee. In case of default, a mortgage requires that the judicial foreclosure which is often costly while a Deed of Trust allows for non-judicial foreclosure which is often faster and less costly (Haupt & Haupt, 2006). Both the documents help in securing a loan and provide mechanisms for recovery the loan incase the borrower defaults. A mortgage gives foreclosure rights to the lender while a Deed of Trust gives the rights to the trustee. Even though Deed of Trust seems to be the most efficient method because it allows for faster foreclosure time than a mortgage, it complicates the process because it has more parties involved (Haupt & Haupt, 2006). However, incorporating a trustee facilitates the foreclosure process because that is their area of specialization. They have the necessary man power to easily foreclose. Nevertheless, a Deed of Trust requires that proper notices be posted and rules followed, which makes it equally time-consuming (Bevans, 2009).Bottom of
Thursday, October 31, 2019
Critically assess the proposition that it is essential to distinguish Essay - 1
Critically assess the proposition that it is essential to distinguish between refugees and other migrants - Essay Example In other words, democracy was introduced after the French Revolution that modified the monopolistic perspective of reign. Moreover, globalization completely altered the concept of geographical locations, and people began to migrate from one country to another for a better living standard. It was observed that Western countries confronted a higher percentage of migrants from eastern part of the globe, such as, Asia, Africa, etc. One of the significant factors of such migration has been the developed region of Western world, which forced Asians and Africans to migrate from their homeland, in order to earn a higher amount, as well as, enjoy other facilities that are not even available in eastern region of the world yet. Until 19th century, immigrants were not categorized, and all used to enjoy the same benefits and confront similar issues; however, in recent century, steps have been taken to differentiate migrants into different categories, such as immigrants, asylum-seekers, refugees, etc. In specific, this paper will discuss and analyze such proposition relation to the distinction between refugees and o ther migrants. In other words, individuals coming after forced migration and other immigrants will be discussed and compared in this paper, in order to decide whether their distinction is essential or useless. In broader terms, refugees can be considered none other than migrants; however, it is essential to distinguish them from other categories due to a number of factors. In terms of definition, race, religious, political, and social reasons have been associated with well-founded fear related to self-persecution that is expressed by an individual, and referred as a refugee. Moreover, such individual is always outside his homeland and shows fear on outcomes that may occur after his arrival in the home country. In this regard,
Monday, October 28, 2019
The Crucible by Arthur Miller Essay Example for Free
The Crucible by Arthur Miller Essay Arthur Miller set his play The Crucible in the town of Salem, Massachusetts, in the year 1692. The story revolves around a farmer John Proctor and his community, devastated by allegations of witchcraft. The play begins with a group of young girls being discovered to have been dancing in the forest. Fearing the consequences of what they did, the girls begin to lie about their actions. When one of the girls falls ill, accusation of witchery becomes their escape from suspicion. This coincidence only helps exceed the villagers beliefs of supernatural possession. Abigail Williams, the prime motivator behind these series of events, takes this opportunity to accuse Elizabeth, the wife of John Proctor, of practicing witchcraft. In so doing, she hopes to be able not only to effect vengeance on Proctor, who had earlier rejected her after an affair, but to regain him by eliminating her competition. Lies build upon lies as the chain of events escalates and results in many deaths. When John Proctor tries to save his wife and friends, he is forced to question his own values and beliefs and is made to choose between the purity of his name and the value of his life. Miller saw in history a parallel sequence of events: a mass hysteria that gripped people and destroyed the social fabric of their community. The cruel persecution of minorities and the interference of the state in the individuals conscience became the key concerns of Millers criticism of this peoples actions and beliefs. Miller relates the actions of the people in 1692 to present day by stating that when one rises above the villainy displayed, one can only pity them all, just as we shall be pitied someday. Miller portrays these Puritans as a selfish group of people who can claim witchery upon their neighbor or someone with whom theyre disputing for the simple purpose of self-benefit, without even feeling any hint of remorse about it. Their creed was a snobbish sort who carried about an air of innate resistance. They forbade anything having to do with any sort of enjoyment, and in the instance of vacationing from work, they found themselves concentrating harder upon prayer. As Miller makes plain in his explanatory notes to the play, even though the belief in witchcraft was widespread throughout the Christian world, New World Puritanism was much harsher than Old World Protestantism because of the Puritans trials in the wilderness. The disasters that they endured, coupled with their strict theology, led to persecutions, including the Salem witch-hunts. In 1692, Salem was a small but expanding community of Puritan settlers, founded about forty years earlier in the spirit of building a New Jerusalem. Strict discipline, self-denial and a uniting religion characterized the life in the still hostile environment, where Satan was thought to live close by in the untouched wilderness. Between 1676 and 1692, Massachusetts had undergone major political, economic and social change. As Miller states, It was, however, an autocracy by consent, for they were united from top to bottom by a commonly held ideology whose perpetuation was the reason and justification for all their sufferings. Fights with the Indians and the French had emptied the treasury; poverty and land shortage became widespread, and with the social problems morality declined. This destabilized and demoralized situation indicated, according to the Puritan interpretation, that God had turned his face away from his chosen people and that Satan was reaching out for power. The fear of Gods wrath, evoked and nourished in fierce Puritan sermons, intensified the search for dark forces, which were blamed with the entire weight of peoples frustrations. So their self-denial, their purposefulness, their suspicion of all vain pursuits, their hard-handed justice, were altogether perfect instruments for the conquest of this space so agonistic to man. The theme of hypocrisy comes into play when Reverend Parris questions Abigail about her actions in the woods. She denies any unlawful activity, including anything involving the act of witchcraft. Her duplicity is shown when she speaks to John Proctor and tells him what actually happened when not minutes earlier, she had lied to her uncle about that exact subject. The theme of guilt is associated mainly with John Proctors actions. He committed adultery, and is now in repentance for his irreverent actions. His wife, suspecting disloyalty, questioned Proctor of any misconduct. He admitted to his wife of his transgression, and even though had been exceedingly apologetic since, there was still suspicion amid his wifes scrutiny. As he bade Abigail to cease persisting in seeking his affection, he felt guilt for the fault he had previously committed. The theme of authority is subjected in an argument between Reverend Parris and John Proctor. Parris feels insulted by Proctors charges towards him. He feels he should have authority among the community, when he knows there is a party against him and all authority. For example, he demands the deed to his house as a mark of confidence that he cannot be put out whenever some majority feels the whim, and many believe asking ownership of the building is like asking to own the meetinghouse itself. The theme of hysteria, continued throughout the play, takes place as the community reacts to the girls accusations. The frenzy begins as people automatically associate any happenings, mysterious or not, with witchcraft. If one is accused, they are unavoidably marked. Their name blackened by the selfish accusations of ruthless teenagers. Hysteria is a main theme developed throughout the play. The girls accusations sent a panic among the citizens of Salem within moments. People started thinking differently; questioning others in suspicion, and undoubtedly speculating whether the most unlikely people were involved in witchcraft. For example, Miller states of Goody Nurse: As for Rebecca Nurse herself, the general opinion of her character was so high that to explain how anyone dared cry her out for a which and more, how adults could bring themselves to lay hands on her we must look to the fields and boundaries of that time. When speaking of Mr. Putnams accusations against people for motives such as land, deeds, or pure covetousness, Miller states that Putnam cries witch upon someone for those simple reasons without feeling any shame or guilt when they are punished for their fictitious accusations. It is Edward and Jonathan who signed the first complaint against Rebecca; and Thomas Putnams little daughter was the one wh o fell into a fit at the hearing and pointed to Rebecca as her attacker. In conclusion, as the act ends, the four themes, hypocrisy, guilt, authority and hysteria are tied together as the girls are questioned and begin to cry out. They find their escape by accusing others of the precise things they had been engaging in. The hysteria continues as fear arises throughout the community, and more people, innocent or not, are accused of witchcraft.
Saturday, October 26, 2019
A Student Looks at Two Websites on Lasik Surgery (laser surgery) :: Sell Websites Buy Web Sites
A Student Looks at Two Websites on Lasik Surgery (laser surgery) Today there are so many choices in life and a person who wears glasses or contacts might decide to eliminate the need for such medical devices. Lasik (Laser assisted in situ keratomileusis), the most commonly performed type of laser surgery, is an effective treatment that can correct many vision problems by reshaping the cornea. Life without glasses or contact lenses would be easier and more enjoyable for any human being. But can a person’s vision get worse after the procedure? To be free from doubts and questions most people can turn to the Internet to search for needed information. The Internet is growing and is one of the most effective ways for businesses to advertise their products and services to customers. Everywhere one turns it is .com, .gov, .edu, .org, there are many choices. Web sites offer information on topics but they all have limits. Most Web pages on the Lasik topic are directed to the doctor’s office and there are thousands of these advertising sites. One site offers video information from doctors and other professionals. Another home page offers information and personal questions to ask the doctors. It’s very obvious that one Web page alone does not have enough information for the researcher. Two good sites that offer wonderful information on Lasik are www.fda.gov/cdrh/lasik/, www.lasikinstitute.org/. The U.S. Food and Drug Administration through the Department of Health and Human Services has a very informative page www.fda.gov/cdrh/lasik/. Many different links on this page can give a person easy ways to access and understand unbiased information. The first impression about this Web site is the co-ordinate between the title, the links, the graphics and the colors that are used. The title is big enough to get people’s attention and direct them to what they are looking for, not like some web sites which do not have well-balanced compositions. There are no bloated graphics on this site or scaling image problems. The text is not dense but well written with readable font size. The terms used are simple and professional with a provided glossary. An obvious distinction of this site from others is it seems to be very truthful when it shows all the risks that people could face after the surgery. Examples are losing vision, developing debilitating visual symptoms, and patients being under or over treated.
Thursday, October 24, 2019
Madness and Insanity in Shakespeares Hamlet - Both a Sane and Insane Hamlet :: GCSE Coursework Shakespeare Hamlet
Sane or Insane Hamlet: Support for both Positions Shakespeare's tragic hero, Hamlet, and his sanity can arguably be discussed. Many portions of the play supports his loss of control in his actions, while other parts uphold his ability of dramatic art. The issue can be discussed both ways and altogether provide significant support to either theory. There are indications from Hamlet throughout the play of his mind's well being. Hamlet's antic disposition may have caused him in certain times that he is in a roleplay. Hamlet has mood swings as his mood changes abruptly throughout the play. Hamlet appears to act mad when he hears of his father's murder. At the time he speaks wild and whirling words:Why, right; you are I' the right; And so, without more circumstance at all, I hold it fit that we shake hands and part... [Act I, scene V, lines 127-134]. It seems as if there are two Hamlets in the play, one that is sensitive and an ideal prince, and the insane barbaric Hamlet who from an outburst of passion and rage slays Polonius with no feeling of remorse, Thou wretched, rash, intruding fool, farewell! / I took thee for thy better. Take thy fortune;/ Thou find'st to be too busy is some danger.- [Act III. scene IV, lines 31-33] and then talks about lugging his guts into another room. After Hamlet kills Polonius he will not tell anyone where the body is. Instead he assumes his ironic matter which others take it as madness. Not where he eats, but where he is eaten. / A certain convocation of political w orms a e'en at him. [Act IV, scene III, lines 20-21] If your messenger find him not there, seek him I' th' other place yourself. But, indeed, if you find him not within this month, you shall nose him as you go up the stairs into the lobby. [Act IV, scene iii, lines 33-36]. Hamlet's behavior throughout the play, especially towards Ophelia is inconsistent. He jumps into Ophelia's grave, and fights with Laertes in her grave. He professes I loved Ophelia. Forty thousand brothers/Could not, with all their quantity of love,/ Make up my sum [Act V, scene I, lines 250-253], during the fight with Laertes in Ophelia's grave, but he tells her that he never loved her, when she returns his letters and gifts, while she was still alive. Hamlet subtly hints his awareness of his dissolving sanity as he tells Laertes that he killed Polonius in a fit of madness [Act V, scene II, lines 236-250]
Wednesday, October 23, 2019
Exploring Marketing with Delta Airlines as a Case Study Essay
Tedlow, Richard S. believes that the history of consumer product marketing in the United States can be divided into three phrases.1 The history of marketing will aid us in understanding the business world today and is thus useful in this essay to explore this in brief before embarking on studying Delta Airlines as a case study to approach the topic of marketing, in the context of the U.S Airline Industry. Phrase 1 is that of fragmentation and this is purely due to logistics reasons, rather than the result of any marketing strategy. This results in transportation of bulky goods from one region to another being relatively expensive and for a consumer product to achieve national distribution, a favorable ratio of weight and bulk to value is required. This phrase happened before the 1880s and the market size is restricted due to a lack of information, and it is characterized by a high margin and low volume. The second phrase of unification is the rise of mass marketing, with high volume and a low margin, which is the direct opposite of the first phrase of fragmentation. The development of this phrase is possible due to firstly, the development of the railroad and the telegraph and secondly, innovations in manufacturing technology. All the above innovations led to a more effective transportation and communication network that lowered the cost of mass marketing products by significant perce ntages. There is a rise of standardization with advances in manufacturing technology, and it is now possible to produce in great volumes and also, in small packages. Phrase Two occurred in the period 1880s to 1950s, and during this period, brand marketing and management grew in importance. Manufacturers attempt to transform the name of his product into a kind of supername Ââ€" a brand.2 The products of this phrase not only aimed at national distribution, but also strived to attract all consumers using a single brand or product, that will be regarded as ‘standardÂ’. 1 Richard S. Tedlow, â€Å"The fourth phase of marketing: Marketing history and the business world today,†in Tedlow, Richard S. and Jones, Geoffrey, editors, The Rise and fall of mass marketing (London ; New York : Routledge , 1993), p. 19 2 Richard S. Tedlow, New and improved : the story of mass marketing in America (New York: Basic Books, 1990), p. 14 The third phrase is that of segmentation. The innovations that led to this phrase after the 1950s is made possible by radio and television advertising. There were also major changes in America culture that influenced consumer demand. Commercial advertising through television showed that certain programs appealed to certain classes of viewers. This meant that the opportunities for segmenting markets, that is, concentrating the selling appeal on one particular group of potential customers who might be defined by their age, income, and education ( known as demographics) or by their lifestyle ( known as psychographics) were greatly enhanced. 3 There is a rise in image advertising in this phrase, for example, Coca-Cola had always been “the symbol of the standard bearer of changeless, ageless AmericanaÂâ€.4 Commericals were no longer about characteristics of the products, but of the people portrayed as using them, and this led to the development of the “Pepsi Generation†for example. All this saw the breakdown of the whole American mass market developed in Phrase Two to spilt into numerous product categories from necessity items to up-market consumer-durables. Segmentation also occurs at the retail level. This phrase is characterized by high volume and value pricing. The key developments of the railway, telegraph, production technologies and television advertising, are external to corporations, but yet they manage to capitalize on them and turn opportunities into profits. This is how market segmentation evolved. Marketers are sensitive to changing times and they capitalize on opportunities and turn the situation around to a positive one, in terms of fulfilling the companyÂ’s objectives. This is the second proposition put up by Tedlow, that of “entrepreneurial visionÂâ€, of which risk-takers need to make investments and turn their visions into reality. 5 3 Robert D Buzzell and Jean-Louis Lecocq, “Polaroid France (S.A.),†in Steven H. Star, Nancy J. Davis, Christopher H. Lovelock and Benson P. Shapiro, editors, Problems in Marketing, (New York:McGrawHill, 1977), pp. 191-213 4 Richard S. Tedlow, â€Å"The fourth phase of marketing: Marketing history and the business world today,†in Tedlow, Richard S. and Jones, Geoffrey, editors, The Rise and fall of mass marketing (London ; New York : Routledge , 1993), p. 18 5 Richard S. Tedlow, â€Å"The fourth phase of marketing: Marketing history and the business world today,†in Tedlow, Richard S. and Jones, Geoffrey, editors, The Rise and fall of mass marketing (London ; New York : Routledge , 1993), p. 21 Another important proposition put up by Tedlow is that of “managing changeÂâ€. Consumer tastes and the external environment are constantly changing. Corporations have to be flexible and adapt quickly to the unstable environment facing them. Competition can come from other corporations in terms of either trying to beat the firstmover with the same strategy, or trying to change the rules.5 Tedlow proposes a fourth phrase of marketing and this is due to information technology. “Inventory, is the price of the lack of information; and the information revolution is lowering that price in the factory, in the distribution system, and at the point of sale.Ââ€6 This is the stage of “micromarketingÂâ€, which is hyper-segmentation, of possibly every customer as a component of a segment of one. Supply is able to increase due to information technology, but, at the same time, demand for micromarketing is increasing. Consumers are becoming more and more demanding and they expect to get what they want, thus there is a rise in customization. Consumer choices will increase and it is every marketerÂ’s hope to sell any potential customer precisely what they want and to ensure they get maximum satisfaction. It is no longer necessary to convince consumers to purchase the standardized products that the factory has made. However, disadvantages of micromarketing must be noted. The latter may result in an overflux of choices and consumers become confused, as differences diminish. There is also the problem of shelf space or that of the limitations of distribution. Scarce resource in the form of shelf space has to be allocated by the retailers, and thus products canÂ’t just keep increasing. I will now turn my attention to the U.S Airline industry, where marketing is a framework for airline decision-making. During the period 1979 to 1983, the deepest world recession created many problems in the U.S Airline industry. Among these were rapid expansion of fuel prices, which increased the operating costs of airlines. Slot restrictions caused by the walk-out of air traffic controllers in August 1981 also posted a problem. The U.S recession resulted in a general weakness in air traffic and yields. This 6 Richard S. Tedlow, â€Å"The fourth phase of marketing: Marketing history and the business world today,†in Tedlow, Richard S. and Jones, Geoffrey, editors, The Rise and fall of mass marketing (London ; New York : Routledge , 1993), p. 27 is an indicator that the external environment that airlines are operating in, is thoroughly unstable. Economic upturns and downturns are expected. When the Airline Deregulation Act was passed in the United States on October 1978, the airline industry is faced with overcapacity and fare wars, and it is impossible to maintain yields. But, lessons have been learnt since the last world recession for the U.S airlines. One New York analyst comments that “I have never seen an industry so well prepared for a recession.†Airlines now are sensitive to the capacity cycle and even though the industry has a number of new aircraft on the way, there are no excessive commitments for new capacity. A lot of flexibility is built into the aircraft deals and airlines have older, fully depreciated aircraft that they can either hold on to or retire, in the face of overcapacity. There are now two new weapons open to the North American majors that they did not possess in the last downturn. The first is that of the regional jet that revived the regional airline industry, and is a potential new market. The second is the low-cost airline-within-airline operations, such as Delta Express and US AirwaysÂ’ new MetroJet. The majors are able to compete with Southwest, who can ride out a recession well because of its dedication to keeping costs down and knowing its markets well.7 Delta Express, the airline-within an airline, launched in 1996, was started not only to protect the mainline carrier from increasing low-fares competition in America but also to prove to Wall Street that Delta management can be innovative and progressive as well. The Just Plane Cookies, shaped to resemble aircraft, became the signature of Delta Express. Delta Express offers lower salaries than those at the mainline, but it is launched to motivate DeltaÂ’s employees once again, after the trust factor has been broken, with the 7.5 program as an attempt to cut costs drastically during the last industry downturn. Some 65% of Delta departures from Orlando are now delta Express flights and the market is so important to Delta Express that the carrier now occupies the whole wing of a terminal at Orlando Airport. Delta Express releases the creative skills of their people and this boosts employeesÂ’ morale. Innovations are created this way as the management is able to respond immediately. The key to making Delta Express work is to define the boundaries 7 “US majors aim to break the cycle,†Airline Business, January 1999, p. 52 so that the customer differentiates between their product and that of the mainline. Delta Express operates a point-to-point service that is not part of the mainlineÂ’s network. Delta Express gains leverage from being able to offer Delta Skymiles frequent flier points. About 70% of the customer mix is leisure and Delta Express has since moved from three fares to six fares and better yield management. They introduced seasonal fares, and they constantly reassess processes to keep costs down. Keeping costs down as an airline that is a business unit of a major carrier remains a serious challenge. However, the advance seat reservation facility that Delta Express offers is a useful advantage over both MetroJet and SouthWest, but the most obvious success of Delta Express is the way it has helped revived the spirit of Delta. 8 Even though the industry remains intensely competitive now, major carriers has a route system well suited to their individual strengths, and fewer carriers are on the verge of bankruptcy, unlike the financial crisis that we saw in the 1980s and early 1990s. “All carriers are using much stronger yield management systems which allow them to offer discounts without giving away their product through ruinous price warsÂâ€, says Raymond Neidl, an analyst at ING Barrings in New York.9 The problem of ticket discounting that led to great uncertainty in airlinesÂ’ revenue forecasts as a result of deregulation, is no longer a big problem now, as a result of stronger yield management systems. With a better outlook for traffic, the prospect of low rates of capacity growth in the near future and a manageable level of new aircraft deliveries, there seems to be better times ahead. 10 Successful airlines are market-oriented airlines, who are well-led with the topmanagement setting a clear, sound and long-term strategy. The potential available markets are identified and which market segments to exploit are decided, and the whole of the corporate resources are devoted to meeting the product needs of those identified market segments. This is the application of the marketing theory. But, first of all, what is marketing? “Marketing is the management process responsible for identifying, anticipating and satisfying customer requirements profitably.†11 There is a need to differentiate 8 “Express Yourself,†Airline Business, February 1999, pp. 56-57 9 “US majors aim to break the cycle,†Airline Business, January 1999, p. 51 10 Chris Tarry, “ Time to Break the Cycle,†Airline Business, June 2000, p.94 11 U.K. Institute of Marketing, quoted in Wilmhurst (1978), p. 1 between consumer and industrial marketing. The former consists of items of a relatively low unit price and there is usually not much contact between the consumer and the producer. The latter is characterized by smaller number of buyers and unit prices are high higher and there is direct contacts between the producer and the buyer. What is being market-oriented? Marketing investigation is done to gain a thorough knowledge of the market segments that the airline is interested in going into, and areas of unsatisfie d consumersÂ’ wants and needs will surface. An airline may also consider going into a market segment where consumersÂ’ wants and needs are satisfied less than their expectations. A collection of competitorÂ’s actions is important also in this initial stage of the application of marketing theory to real-life corporations. Next, a firm needs to define its marketing strategy and this starts off with the firmÂ’s objectives, that include both corporate and social ones. The corporate mission is then established which defines the broad area of activity of which the corporation is concerned. The corporation then needs to adopt a marketing plan, that consists of what consumers want and need, competitorsÂ’ actions, the strengths and weaknesses of the corporation and the opportunities and threats posed by the external environment. Marketing communication is important to secure sales of products in particular markets and also to promote the corporate image of the firm in question. At the many stages of marketing, a corporation must make a choice between deploying its own resources or hiring services. The internal organization is important and thus the appropriate corporate management structure must be established and also the application of appropriate personnel recruitment and training policies. The external organization will consist of others not in the corporation, in the role of marketing, such as services of consultants in market research. The marketing mix is the combination of the four controllable variables, of product, price, place, promotion (the four Ps) that an organization creates to satisfy its target market. Airlines need to offer a range of products such that they are better placed due to the probability of a downturn in some markets being counter-balanced by upswings in other markets. An important reason for product and market diversification is due to “synergyÂâ€. “It is the term used to describe a situation where a firm producing several products is able to do so more effectively than a set of firms with each firm concentrating on a single item.†12 Most airlines pursue the total market strategy, that is the attempt to provide services for significant parts of the business, leisure and freight segments. Even though this strategy gives great opportunities to airlines, there is the problem of designing products which meet the conflicting requirements of the different segments. The business market segment requires a wide route network with good interconnections and a high flight frequency, and thus costly products. High seat accessibility is required as well, but high prices are charged for this segment, due to the relative price elasticity of demand. The leisure market, on the other hand, competes based on prices and this results in price instability and very low yields, and leisure demand will only peak during only a few times a year. Its products can be offered comparatively cheaply though. However, the leisure market is potentially the largest segment of the total airline market, and its longterm prospects are better than that of the business segment. As for the freight market, an all-freight airline should concentrate on large and bulky items that are too large to fit into the lower holds of even wide-bodied passenger aircraft. Overnight delivery of urgent parcels by Federal Express, has also proved to be highly successful and passenger airlines canÂ’t compete since the proportion of their flying is done in the daytime. Frequent Flier Program(FFP) as an Airline Marketing Strategy The starting point of a successful FFP is to lay down the airlineÂ’s aims and structure first. The main goal will most likely be to increase seat sales through generating repeat business among loyal customers or attracting new customers. The FFP database can be a source of marketing information and it can be used as an additional source of revenue through the trade of FFP points with associated partners. There is also the opportunity for consumers to differentiate products in a world filled with too many consumer choices, as in TedlowÂ’s fourth marketing phrase. The program needs to be accessed regularly to adapt to constantly changing market conditions and redeveloped if necessary. Airlines should not focus too narrowly on one particular objective and risk damaging the whole scheme. Thus, they should work 12 Stephen Shaw, Airline Marketing and Management, (Malabar : Krieger , 1988, c1985), p.16 across all their strategic aims. Every department needs to recognize the loyalty program as a key marketing tool and internal support need to be won. The FFP also needs market acceptance and thus the program structure needs to meet the expectations of the consumer, who looks to the awards and service benefits. Flexibility is important in the unstable economy, as in TedlowÂ’s proposition of “managing changeÂâ€. Delta has long introduced a non-expiring policy for its miles, and Air France was the first European major to adapt this change after being influenced by its alliance with Delta. Customer service is also very important in FFP programs and quality management needs to remain under strict airline control. The elite program catering for the customer segment of frequent high-yield travellers, enable the airlines to keep their best customers. “A successful FFP must be one that is based on clear strategic goals, and that achieves a balance between them supported by an attractive program structure benchmarked against best global practice.†13 For example, Delta has started a strategic alliance with Aeromexico, Air France and Korean Air. They call themselves “SkyteamÂâ€. The agreement outlines the formation of an enhanced marketing relationship among the carriers. SkyTeam airlines have a reciprocal frequent flyer program, extensive codesharing network and the best growth potential of any global alliance. SkyTeam With four airlines now working together to continually improve customer benefits, SkyTeam compares very favorably. SkyTeam is the first alliance built around customer needs and is currently one of the world’s top three global airline alliances. SkyTeam has strong hubs in key markets where 80 percent of the world’s traffic flies. Passengers will continue to enjoy the benefits of their home airlines while traveling on any SkyTeam airline, with more choices of flights and departure times, plus all frequent flyer program and lounge benefits. SkyTeam offers customers worldwide access, improved choice and convenience, consistent service and the ability to be recognized and rewarded for their loyalty. Immediate benefits include reciprocal frequent flyer programs, worldwide lounge access, 13 Ravindra Bhagwanani, “ Keeping the high Fliers,†Airline Business, June 2000, p. 93 and the combined network of Aeromexico, Air France, Delta and Korean Air. By yearend, benefits will include priority baggage handling, preferred seating for our elite frequent flyers and other benefits based on our extensive employee training program. Aeromexico has long been recognized as a market leader and the preferred choice in air travel for passengers in the Mexican and Latin American markets. Joining the alliance with like-minded partners allows Aeromexico to expand its international route network and better serve the needs of passengers as they travel on both business and pleasure throughout the world. Air France’s hub at Charles de Gaulle International Airport offers an extensive schedule of connecting flights to points throughout Europe, Africa, Asia and the Middle East. It is the best-positioned hub in Europe for transatlantic passengers traveling beyond a European gateway. In addition, the airport offers great potential for further capacity growth. Delta’s hub at Atlanta Hartsfield International Airport offers passengers more connections than any other airport in the world, with 1,316 daily flights to 126 destinations. Customers have access to a global network of 5,390 flights each day to 356 cities in 57 countries on Delta, Delta Express, Delta Shuttle, the Delta Connection carriers and Delta’s Worldwide Partners. Korean Air’s hub in Seoul is the best Asian hub for SkyTeam, offering service to 78 cities in Asia. Korean Air’s upcoming hub at Seoul’s new Inchon Airport will be the future leading hub in Asia and one of the few major hub airports in the world with room to expand. SkyTeam is a multi-lateral, global alliance among the four airlines. In addition, each carrier will continue to have bilateral relationships with airlines in their respective markets. SkyTeam plan to explore all synergy possibilities. SkyTeam has tremendous potential in the area of cargo. Delta and Air France have already announced a joint agreement, and plan to expand this to a multi-lateral level. This is the fulfilment of the total market strategy mentioned above, and strategic alliances enable a pool of resources together to serve more routes and consumers, especially when SkyTeam is the first alliance built around customer needs. History of Delta Airlines Delta Airlines began modestly, as a crop-dusting outfit in Monroe, Louisiana, in 1928, the first professional crop duster in the nation. Delta was founded by C.E Woolman, who headed the company for 38 years, until his death in 1966. He moved DeltaÂ’s headquarters to Atlanta in the early 1940s and that hub became the heart of its operations and ultimately the course of most of its management. Even though Delta actively opposed deregulation, it entered deregulation with a number of strengths. By growing, it has elbowed its way into the “big five.†Delta has expanded significantly in the Southeast by acquiring Citizens and Southern Airlines in 1953. It expanded north with its acquisition of Northeast in 1972. And in 1986, Delta joined the stampede to merge by acquiring Western Air Lines, hubbed in Salt Lake City. Because Delta paid its workers well and had never laid any off, it enjoyed relatively amicable labour relations and had few union contracts. That enabled it to enjoy high productivity, excellent service, and high worker morale with little turnover. DeltaÂ’s greatest asset of all was its people. While deregulation has brought the industry tremendous labour strife, labour-management relations were goos at DelataÂ’s Atlanta headquarters. In 1986, DeltaÂ’s workers dug into their pockets and bought the company a jet. A job with Delta is security for life, but DeltaÂ’s salary expenditures were high and they were saddled with the largest labour expenditures in the industry. But, Delta has been blessed with profitability, except in 1983, when it made a loss. This loss is because a market survey in 1982 revealed that Delta had acquired a reput ation for being highpriced in the new regulated environment. Hubs The question of hub-and-spoke networks has been a central issue in route planning under deregulation. Many airlines have based their planning on the idea that if they build a major hub, with large numbers of flights in and out of it, it will be very difficult for a newcomer to break in, as they will be able to match the wide network. This is the first-mover advantage in one of TedlowÂ’s propositions, not mentioned above. The limitations to this concept is that passengers prefer to take direct flights rather than those requiring intermediate stops. At Hartsfield Airport in Atlanta, Delta Airlines operates and it can claim to be the busiest single-airline hub in the world, with 600 daily departures. More than 20000 Delta passengers change planes in Atlanta each day. Each of DeltaÂ’s arriving and departing waves consists of over 50 aircraft, requiring all four runways to be used simultaneously for arrivals and then for departures. 14 DeltaÂ’s Mission Statement and Corporate Strategy Delta wants to be the “Worldwide Airline of Choice†and their strengths lies in the competitive edge of DeltaÂ’s people, customer service as the cornerstone of their company, a strong route system, outstanding operations and fleet and ethical and honest actions. DeltaÂ’s vision builds on DeltaÂ’s heritage and their vision results in sustained profitability that comes the opportunity for growth and advancement and the pride that comes from being part of an exceptional business organization. Delta has a Success Through Service training and that led to its achievement of a competitive advantage. Delta has built a legendary reputation for family-friendly, “deltastyle †customer service. Employees are loyal and contented members of the “Delta FamilyÂâ€. Delta has also led the industry in customer satisfaction ratings, providing passengers with a consistent, high-quality flying experience. For example, Delta received the “2000 Grand Prix Customer Service AwardÂâ€, whereby Teleperformance, a Parisbased customer relationship management company, honored Delta’s Online Customer Support Desk with the U.S. 2000 Grand Prix Customer Service Award, for superior email customer service support. Delta also took second in the T ransportation and Travel category for its telephone customer handling. DeltaÂ’s fundamental belief about service to people, customers and personnel, remains unchanged. Delta personnel treated one another as extended family and this concern is mirrored in the way Delta personnel treat customers. Delta hires at entry level, so thus, managers are able to handle problems of their staff with empathy since they have been through that before. There is a strong tradition of employment security in Delta. 14 Pat Hanlon, Global airlines : competition in a transnational industry, (Oxford : Butterworth Heinemann , 1996), p. 80 During economic slumps, extra staffing is redeployed into other jobs and creative options such as job sharing and voluntary personal leaves are also made available. Delta has a flat and thin management structure and engages in cross utilization and thus employees has a broader view of their company. Delta emphasizes a lot on the people side of the profit equation and thus, it has a strong compensation structure that acknowledges the people side of business and the value of experience and draws and keeps the best people on the team. Team work is inherent in Delta and everyone respects one another. There is empowerment in the job and employees are motivated to work harder and be more productive. The best measure of passenger satisfaction among U.S Airlines today is the number of complaint letters written directly to the Department of Transportation by consumers. Since 1971 when that reporting began, Delta has maintained the best overall record for passenger satisfaction of any major U.S airline per 100,000 customers boarded. “Delta knows the only way to achieve the goal of being the best and most respected airline in the world is to deliver excellent service, one customer at a time.†Importance of Information Technology Delta Airlines have exploited the challenges posed by the millenium bug to overhaul its obsolete IT infrastructure with leading-edge technology that will help achieve operational excellence and give a big boost to customer service and even contribute to revenue performance. The gate and boarding project which includes new computer systems and software, boarding documentation and procedures, is the cornerstone of the airlineÂ’s ongoing Airport Renewal program to modernize and standardized DeltaÂ’s ancient airport technology and physical plant. Not only is the system simpler but it greatly enhances DeltaÂ’s ability to recognize and regard its best customers or those needing extra attention. The system is tied to DeltaÂ’s customer database, and thus the customerÂ’s past history or possible dissatisfaction with DeltaÂ’s services could be established and corrected for in the customerÂ’s next flight. The systems greatest value will be when things go wrong and people wi ll be satisfied that they are handled well during those circumstances. Delta develops technology around process, rather than function. They have been planning and changing their technology around the customers, rather than the systems being functionally focused around reservations, airports and the Internet. Delta is ultimately interested in the “Customer ExperienceÂâ€. Delta cuts costs by $30 million per year, due to a standard technology infrastructure at all locations and thus expect to increase customer service significantly.15 Delta continues evaluating emerging technologies that may further increase its customer services. Conclusion As shown in DeltaÂ’s case above, Delta engages in information technology and now, they are able to focus individually on every customer, and increase their customer service and this is characterized by TedlowÂ’s fourth marketing phrase Ââ€" micromarketing. An airline is very service oriented and thus, consumers will not be confused in terms of numerous products emerging, but rather, they will be pleased by the excellent service they receive. Delta has also been a well-managed company, whereby employees are empowered and teams are used to facilitate brain-storming and everyoneÂ’s opinion is taken into consideration. Employment at the entry-level further enhances the ability to empathize with others working in other departments. Delta is also very customer-oriented and that totally encompass the marketing concept of putting customerÂ’s needs and wants first. Delta is able to compete globally and become one of the ‘big fiveÂ’ in America and has one of the busiest hubs in Atlanta. All this comes from sound marketing principles, a mission statement of being the “Worldwide Airline of ChoiceÂâ€, a total market strategy in the business, leisure and freight market segments. Delta has also gone into strategic alliances in SkyWest to further enhance customer service. Delta concentrated also on standardizing its operations through its technology infrastructure and this is part of TedlowÂ’s Phrase two where standardization is widespread. Delta also segments its markets into the three market segments and continues to serve its different market segments with excellent service and this is Phrase Three in what Tedlow comes up with. 15 King, Julia and Wallace Bob, â€Å"Corporate standards are key to Delta plan,†Computerworld, Volume 33, Issue 24 (Framingham, June 1999), p.16 The case on Delta has shown that focus on the customer is very important for any corporation to succeed. Management is also very important with the right corporate culture and structure instilled, and coupled with marketing strategies, can achieve a worldwide standard and accepted corporation. Bibliography Buzzell, Robert D. and Lecocq, Jean-Louis, â€Å"Polaroid France (S.A.),†in Steven H. Star, Nancy J. Davis, Christopher H. Lovelock and Benson P. Shapiro, editors, Problems in Marketing, (New York:McGrawHill, 1977): 191-213 Flint, Perry, â€Å"Being last is not always the worst thing,†Air Transport World, Volume 36, Issue 9 (Cleveland, September 1999): 68-69 Hanlon, Pat, Global airlines : competition in a transnational industry, (Oxford : Butterworth Heinemann , 1996). J. Paul Peter and Donnelly, James H., Marketing Management : knowledge and skills : text, analysis, cases, plans (Homewood, IL : Irwin , 1992). Jones, Patricia and Kahaner, Larry, Say it and live it: 50 corporate mission statements that hit the mark (New York : Doubleday , 1995). King, Julia and Wallace Bob, â€Å"Corporate standards are key to Delta plan,†Computerworld, Volume 33, Issue 24 (Framingham, June 1999):16 Shaw, Stephen, Airline Marketing and Management, (Malabar : Krieger , 1988, c1985). Spechler Jay W., Managing quality in America’s most admired companies (San Francisco : Berrett-Koehler Publishers ; Norcross, Ga. : Industrial Engineeering and Management Press, Institute of Industrial Engineers , 1993). Tarry, Chris, †Time to Break the Cycle,†Airline Business, June 2000: 95-96 Tedlow, Richard S., New and improved : the story of mass marketing in America (New York: Basic Books, 1990). Tedlow, Richard S., â€Å"The fourth phase of marketing: Marketing history and the business world today,†in Tedlow, Richard S. and Jones, Geoffrey, editors, The Rise and fall of mass marketing (London ; New York : Routledge , 1993): 8-35. Weaver, Nora and Atkinson, Tom, â€Å"Training for Success Through Service: How Delta Air Lines Does It,†in Zemke, Ron and Woods, John A., editors, Best practices in customer service (New York, N.Y. : AMACOM, 1998): 109-118
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